The effect of deep brain stimulation on the frontal N30 component of somatosensory evoked potentials in advanced Parkinson's disease patients

Objectives: In the present study we investigated whether in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients the frontal component of short somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimulation may be modified by basal ganglia deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: We recorded the SEPs in 6 PD patients undergoing bilateral functional neurosurgery in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) (4 patients) and in the nucleus subthalamicus (STN) (two patients) during ineffective and effective bilateral BDS. Pre-operatively, the SEPs were also recorded in off therapy and during apomorphine infusion. Results: From the evaluation of the latency and the amplitude characteristics of the major parietal (N20 and P25) and frontal (N30) components, we observed that whereas the parietal waves did not vary in any condition, the N30 potential showed a remarkable amplitude increase during apomorphine as well as during effective bilateral GPi or STN DBS. Furthermore, after the stimulators were turned off we noticed that the N30 amplitude potential progressively faded almost in parallel with the attenuation of DBS clinical effects. Conclusions: Our results lead to the conclusion that the bilateral DBS of both GPi and STN is really effective in producing a selective increase of frontal N30 amplitude probably improving the supplementary motor area functional activity, but these results do not clarify whether this amelioration is due to a central or a 'long loop' mechanism.