Exploring the potential of probiotics in preventing recurrent urogenital infections: a pilot study

Urogenital infections, including bacterial vaginosis, yeast vaginitis, and urinary tract infections, affect millions of women globally, leading to complications such as infertility, chronic pain, and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases. While antibiotics remain the primary treatment, their long-term use can result in side effects and antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the potential of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, to restore vaginal microbiota balance and reduce oxidative stress in women with recurrent urogenital infections. Forty women aged 18-50 participated in a 90-day multicentric study in Italian clinics, divided into probiotic and placebo groups. Results showed that probiotic treatment significantly increased antioxidant potential by 45.18% and decreased total oxidant capacity by 25.46%, compared to placebo. Probiotics also enhanced lactobacilli dominance, restored vaginal microbiota, and normalized epithelial health. These findings suggest that probiotics could be a safer, long-term alternative to antibiotics for managing recurrent urogenital infections, improving overall urogenital health, and reducing infection risk. Further research with larger populations and extended study periods is warranted to validate these results.