Ceramic Materials for Biomedical Applications: An Overview on Properties and Fabrication Processes

A growing interest in creating advanced biomaterials with specific physical and chemicalproperties is currently being observed. These high-standard materials must be capable to integrateinto biological environments such as the oral cavity or other anatomical regions in the human body.Given these requirements, ceramic biomaterials offer a feasible solution in terms of mechanicalstrength, biological functionality, and biocompatibility. In this review, the fundamental physical,chemical, and mechanical properties of the main ceramic biomaterials and ceramic nanocompositesare drawn, along with some primary related applications in biomedical fields, such as orthopedics,dentistry, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, an in-depth focus on bone-tissue engineeringand biomimetic ceramic scaffold design and fabrication is presented.